vagrant+virtualBox构建虚拟机的方法

一、介绍

Vagrant是一个构建和管理虚拟机(VirtualBox)的工具。

我的环境：Mac + Vagrant + VirtualBox

网盘下载地址：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LKacXPQcgh3MjgWiIZ0zhQ 密码: n998

二、安装

VirtualBox: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
Vagrant: http://downloads.vagrantup.co

三、在线创建虚拟机

1.在官网找到自己想要安装的操作系统：https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search

2.点进去，执行命令创建并启动虚拟机：https://app.vagrantup.com/centos/boxes/7

注意：需要单独创建一个目录，在该目录下执行vagrant命令，一个目录对应一个虚拟机。vagrant init会创建一个配置文件Vagrantfile

三、离线创建虚拟机

1.添加

vagrant box add centOs7 /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box

➜ vagrant vagrant box add centOs7 /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'centOs7' (v0) for provider:
  box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box
==> box: Successfully added box 'centOs7' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!

2.初始化

vagrant init centOs7

➜ vagrant vagrant init centOs7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

3.启动

vagrant up

➜ vagrant vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centOs7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: vagrant_default_1612583375721_1893
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
  default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
  default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
  default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
  default: SSH username: vagrant
  default: SSH auth method: private key
  default:
  default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
  default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
  default:
  default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
  default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
  default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
  default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
  default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
  default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
  default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
  default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
  default: your host and reload your VM.
  default:
  default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.28
  default: VirtualBox Version: 6.1
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
  default: /vagrant => /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant

四、常用命令

五、Vagrantfile常用配置

1.配置固定ip、内存、cpu

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
 
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
 config.vm.box = "centOs7"
 config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
 config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
   vb.cpus = 4
   vb.memory = "8192"
 end
end

注意：配置后需要vagrant reload

2.配置root用户和ssh免密

vagrant用户登录：vagrant ssh

设置root密码：sudo passwd root

配置ssh免密：ssh-copy-id root@192.168.33.10

ssh登录：ssh root@192.168.33.10

3.关闭防火墙

检查防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld
关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld
设置开机禁用防火墙：systemctl disable firewalld.service

参考链接：

https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/vagrant/getting-started-index?in=vagrant/getting-started

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